G · Grid and supply
Grid and supply
DNO, phases, earthing, metering, export setup.
Connection routes and export limits
Curtailment and DNO export limitation
How to distinguish a DNO-agreed export cap from voltage protection, frequency response and inverter clipping, with a safe route for diagnosis.
DNO notification for PV
How a proposed solar or storage installation is registered with the correct network operator.
G100 export limitation
DNO-agreed control schemes that limit net export or import at a connection point.
G98 notification pathway
Connect-and-notify route for generation up to 16A per phase.
G99 application pathway
Prior DNO assessment for generation or storage that does not qualify for G98.
Island mode and anti-islanding
How grid-connected generation disconnects when the network fails, and what additional switching, earthing and protection allow a deliberate backup island.
Earthing and bonding
Earth electrode and rod installation
Why an earth electrode is used, what it can and cannot do, and how it is designed, tested and maintained.
Main earth bonding
The difference between earthing and protective bonding, what normally needs bonding, and why it must be checked before home-energy work.
PME earthing systems
How PME and TN-C-S earthing work, what an open PEN fault changes, and where additional design measures are needed.
TT earthing arrangements
How TT earthing works, why it normally depends on RCDs, and the design issues for modern home-energy equipment.
Smart metering and export data
Export MPAN setup
What an export MPAN identifies, how it is created and enrolled, which evidence is commonly required and how to trace a stalled application.
Half-hourly settlement data
The difference between half-hourly meter data, electricity settlement and retail billing, including current MHHS migration and domestic data choices.
Smart export meter exchange timing
When an export tariff needs an existing meter check rather than a physical exchange, and which later stages can still delay payment.
Smart meter SMETS2 capability
What a second-generation smart meter can measure and communicate, what separate setup is needed for smart tariffs and export, and what happens when communications fail.
Supply capacity and ownership
Behind-the-meter vs in-front-of-meter
How the boundary meter separates on-site energy from grid flows, and what that changes for billing, export, connection and control.
Consumer unit capacity
How to assess physical space, assembly rating, protective devices, existing circuits and certification before adding low-carbon equipment.
DNO service head
The network cut-out at a property, its ownership boundary, safety checks and relationship to the meter, earthing and supply capacity.
Head fuse rating
How the fitted service fuse relates to supply capacity, maximum demand, load management and a DNO load-increase decision.
ICP and IDNO connections
How an independent connection provider, adopting network operator and host DNO divide the design, construction, ownership and operation of a new electricity connection.
Looped electricity supplies
How a shared service cable affects capacity assessment, low-carbon equipment and the DNO process for providing an independent connection.
Single-phase electricity supply
What a single-phase domestic connection provides and how to assess it for solar, storage, EV charging and heat pumps.
Three-phase supply upgrades
When a home may need three phases, how demand and generation are assessed, and how DNO, metering and internal electrical work fit together.